Coke-oven.



A. ROBERTS.

com: OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 8,1914, 1,1 32,685. Patented Mar. 23, 1915.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

A. ROBERTS.

COKE OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 8.1914.

Patented Mar. 23, 1915.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

A. ROBERTS.

COKE OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 8,1914.

Patented Mar. 23, 1915.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

A. ROBERTS.

COKE OVEN.`

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 8,1914.

1,1 32,685. Patented Mar. 23, 1915.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

v ,/'ZlZ/ize/ liz f/zr rf/ @ff/ff@ L l i,

A. ROBERTS.

COKE OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 8,1914,

1,132,685. Patented Mar. 1915 5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

f i i 65 a@ lyfz 3 V*u I L @agi i 2V ARTHUR ROBERTS, 0F EVANSTON, ILLINOIS.

COKE-OVEN.

Spectcation of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 23, 1915.'

Application filed September 8, 1914. Serial No. 860,583.

To all 11s/5,0m it may concern:

Be it known that I, ARTHUR ROBERTS. a citizen of the United States, residing at Evanston, in the county of Cook and btate of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Coke-Ovens, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention has reference to certain improvements in coke ovens and has for its main object the provision of a construction such that a coke having a greatly improved cell structure may be produced even from coals or other raiv materials of inferior quality, and from coals which cannot be coked in the ordinary forms of coke oven.

The invention relates particularly to certain improvements in the oven structure and to the manner in which the heating or combustion gases are caused eiiiciently and effectively,to perform their work of heating the carhonizing chamber, although l. will also set forth certain features relating to the method of eoking for the purpose of more clearly disclosing the objects of cer` tain features of construction.

In the destructive distillation of the carbonaceous material, temperature and its control are of the utmost importance. It iS not alone suticient ordinarily to attain a temperature of given intensity, but such temperature must he attained at the proper point or time in the coking cycle. Otherwise the temperature when ultimately attained may not be effective or operative on ravv materials having the necessary constituents or composition to enable them to be coked. It being remembered that each coal has a normal eoking temperature which may be,peculiar to itself and which must be attained if that coal is to be successfully coked. The main object of the present invention is to provide a construction of oven such that the proper temperature required by the particular coal being coked can be attained Within the carbonizing chamber, and also to produce a construction. such that said temperature can be attained at the proper time in the coking cycle and can. be controlled with comparative accuracy and certainty by the operator.

Another object of the invention is to so construct the oven walls that the combustion gases will be caused to forcibly impinge or strike against obstructions in its path of travel, time after time during its travel from `the nozzles or point of combustion to the discharge Hue. l this connection another objeet is to so construct the oven and its walls that the heat which is thus abstracted will be delivered directly to the inner surface of the carbonizing chamber, thereby transferring the heat from its point of generation to its point of effective use with a maximum of efficiency and at the same time in such a manner that thetemperature Within the retort can be most quickly and perfectly controlled andadjusted.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a form of Wall construction such as to providethe desired passages for travel of the combustion gases in themanner here# tofore described, and at the same time to provide a wall construction which shall be substantially solid and monolithic, thereby also giving an oven construction having a maximum strength and rigidity combined with the objects heretofore outlined. In this connection an object is to provide a series of blocks or bricks from which to build the Wall, said blocks or bricks being so formed that when set together they will interlock and coperate to produce the wall 'having the desired strength and solidfity,

combined with the provision of the passages for the travel of the combustion gases.

Means should be provided for taking up the expansion which will necessarily occur when theI oven is heated. Therefore another object .of the invention is to so construct each individual oven of a bank of ovens that its endwise expansion can be perfectly taken up, while at the same time maintain;

ing all parts of the oven under the neces-` sary stress to keep the joints absolutely tight. Also to so relate the individual ovens of a. bank or group of ovens that in their sidevvise expansion they will come together to produce a substantially monolithic struc ture from one end of the bank to the other. Thereby they will be caused to coperate with each other so as to reinforce each other and very greatly increase the strength and rigiditv of the resulting structure.

Another object of the invention has reference to the provision of a construction such that the dome of the oven will remain substantially at the same temperature as tl temperature of distillation at all time-, thereby permitting the withdrawal of the distillate gases substantially in the form and pansion of `spending to condition in which they leave the carbonizing mass. so to obviate splitting of the gases and the deposit of soot and tar. In this connection also an object is to provide al construction such that the distillates can pass oit directly from the dome to the distillate passages with a minimum distance of travel.

Other objects and uses of the invention Yill appear from a detailed description of the same which consists in the features of construction and combinations of parts hereinafter described and claimed.

In the drawings: Figure 1 shows an end elevation of a portion of a bank of ovens, and shows particularly one oven embodying the features disclosed in the present invention, and also shows in outline the positions of the tivo adjacent ovens and one form or arrangement of piping for the supply of the combustion gases and air; Fig. 2 is a vertical section taken on the line 22 of Fig. 3 looking in the direction of the arrows; Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2 looking in the direction of the arrows; Fig. 4 is a vertical longitudinal section of the upper portion of the structure being taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 2 looking in the direction of the arrows; Fig. 5 is a vertical longitudinal section of the lower portion of the structure being taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 2 looking in the direction of the arrows; Fig. 6 is a vertical longitudinal section through the center of the carbonizing chamber, the section being broken back at one end to reveal an additional feature of construction; Fig. 7 is a horizontal detail view of the sole block: Fig. 8 is a vertical elevation corre- Fig. 7; Figs. 9 and 10 are detail plan and side views of keystone blocks, such as are used in building up the wall; Figs. 11 and 12 are detail plan and side views of the intermediate blocks such as are used in building up the walls; Fig. 13 is an enlarged detail of the screw take-un mechal nism by means of which the lengthwise exthe oven is controlled; Fig. 14 is a detail end elevation of one of the pipe .supporting brackets.

In Fig. 1 I have illustrated three adjacent ovens of a battery'as they may be built up and located side by side. I will designate each even in its entiretv bv the numeral 25. In the arrangement -illustrated I have not shown any mechanism for recuperating or regenerating thelcombustion gases, as I have found 'by experience that even higher temperatures can be attained with the use of the arrangements herein disclosed when the air introduced at the normal temperature than can be attained if the air he preheated- I will state, however, at Athis point that I contemnlaie within the scope of my present invention the use of the various features zontal sections of the herein disclosed either with or without a recui'ierative or regenerative construction, and that therefore the features of the present invention are in no wise limited to use without such constructions.

The carbonix/.ing chamber of each oven will be designated by the numeral QG. This carbonizing chamber, which is formed in the manner to be presently described in detail, is preferably supnorted above a suitA able foundation 27. lVithin this vfoundation in turn I have illustrated the suent gas tlues 28 and Q9 running lengthwise. ot the battery and beneath the ends of the carbonizing chambers and adapted to carry oil' the spent gases.

I have found that as a matter of practite the highest tenrperatures can be secured with a minimum consumption of heating gas when both the air and gas are delivered to the omnbustion nozzles under the desired pressure and in the desired quantities under the accurate control ot' the operator. have, therefore.y illustrated particularly in Figs. 1 and 6 the headers Ell) and lll which run the length ot' the battery of ovens, the header 30 delivering the air, and the header 31 the gas to the several burners. I prefer to run these headers side by side, as best illustrated in Fig. (3, along the length of the battery for the purpose of simplifying the gas connections to the various .vens

As will be presently described I provide a series of burners or nozzles for each wall of each oven, there being two sets of burners for each oven. It is therefore necessary to supply the air and gas at points adjacent to the top of each side wall of each oven. For this purpose between each pair of ovens I rrovide a downcomer from the air main, and then turn the same into a horizontal position and extend it backwardly the length of the ovens and over the top of the oven walls between the carbonizing chambers. This construction is well shown in Fig. 1. Inasmuch as the gas main 31 lies behind the air main I provide the downcomers 33 from the gas main, opposite to every other carbonizing chamber. The lower end ot each downcomer 33 connects to a horizontal connection 34, the ends of which in turn connect to the horizontally extending air supv ply pipes immediately beneath the horiir pipes 32. These horizontally extending pipes lying above the oven walls are supported periodically by the brackets 35' shown in detail in Fig. 14. Owing to the length of the ovens which ordinarily approximates 40 feet, these pipes are 'generally built up in sections, and prefer therefore to provide one ot the aforementioned brackets for each such section.

The headers 30 and 31 are conveniently supported from cross arms 36 carried by the vertical struts 37 which support the ends of the ovens, the pipe lines being supported from these cross arms by suitable hangers.

The carbonizing chamber of each oven is formed by means of the side walls 38 and 39, so that each oven is self contained. The adjacent ovens are, however, spaced apart a suitable distance to permit an intermediate wall of brick or the like 40 to be placed between them. Vhen the battery of ovens is originally constructed there is left a space 41 between each of the Walls 38 and 39 and the adjacent wall 40, which space is so adjusted that it will be entirely taken up by the sidewise expansion of the oven l5 when the same is heated up to working temperatures. In fact it is preferable that this slack space should be taken up at a temperature somewhatbelow the normal working temperature so that when the oven is fully heated the walls will come solidly together. In this way assurance will be had that the two adjacent walls of adjacent ovens, together with the intermediate brick section 40, will constitute a rigid solid wall 5 of material, the adjacent ovens bracing and reinforcing each other so that each oven may perfectly withstand the stresses coming upon it.

The walls 38 and 39 are so constructed that they constitute substantially solid un- 30 in \detail.

broken walls, but, nevertheless, they are so formed as to provide the necessary passages for the travel of the heating gases. This feature of the invention I will now describe The oven may be considered as divided vertically into zones or sections. The upper zone is unheated except by heat which may be conducted from the hot mass of material within the carbonizing chamber.

0 rihis upper unheated zone extends down the desired distance below the upper surface 42 of the oven, so asto provide an unheated dome for the collection of the distillates immediately prior to their departure from the carbonizing chamber. The intermediate or middle zone of the oven is unheated except by heat transmitted by skin friction from the gases as they leave the combustion nozzles, and in this zone of the oven the impingement action, presently to be described, is not present. The lower zone of the oven, which may constitute the major portion thereof, is so constructed that the gases n passing down therethrough have theirnheat abstracted primarily'by impingement, the amount and extent of the impingement be ing controlled according to the spent condition of the gases. That is to say this zone of the oven is so constructed that a substan- J tially uniform abstraction of heat takes place therein notwithstanding the fact that the gases are gradually cooling. n

The upper unheated zone of the oven 1s built up from a series of long and sh'ort blocks 43 and 44, the long bloclzs extending clear across the thickness of the wall, and the intermediate short blocks serving to leave the intermediate vertically extending nozzle openings 45 between the adjacent walls 43. The nozzles 46 for the combustion gases extend downwardly through the openings 45 and deliver the gases to the point where the heating effect commences. Each of these nozzles is so constructed that the air and gas enter it under pressure, and mix into the nozzle under pressure prior to their delivery from the lower end 47 of the nozzle. For this purpose each nozzle comprises essentially an upper section 48, generally of iron pipe or the like, and a lower section 49, generally of fireclay or other heat resisting material. The air coming from the horizontal leg 32 passes through a valve 50, and down to a globe member 51 at which point the gas coming from the header 34 enters the nozzle and immediately mixes with the air. This mixing operation continues during the entire descent of the air and gas to their point of delivery 47, but owing to the pressure within the nozzle and the rapid travel of the mixture downward therethrough the combustion will not flash back into the nozzle but will commence as soon as the mixed air and gas leaves the open end 47 of the nozzle.

In order to support the nozzles, and also to partition off the nozzle spaces 45 from that portion of the wall in which the combustion is taking place, and thus to eliminate, as much as possible, a radiation of heat upwardly into the unheated portion of the wall, I provide the blocks 52 across the lower ends of the openings 45. Each of these blocks 52 is preferably supported by the adjacent blocks 44, which may be beveled for this purpose. In this way the blocks 52 are made removable so that after the nozzles have been removed these blocks may likewise be removed for a purpose which will presently appear.

The construction above, described is continued downwardly from the nozzle openings throughout substantially the length of that portion of the oven in which the heating is produced by radiation. That is to say that the walls 43 continue downwardly substantially to the point 53 illustrated in Fig. 2.- It thus appears that during the first portion of the downward travel of the combustion gases in the heated portion of the wall, the gases from the several nozzles are separated from each other and follow independent paths. The distances during which such travel is maintained will depend, of course, upon the particular construction under consideration but ordinarily it will not exceed more thana comparatively small portion of the he1ght of the oven. p

Measuring downwardly from the point 53 the travel of the gases becomes such that the heating effect is produced by impingement. Furthermore, the major portion, if notall, of the coking charge is supported within the carbonizing chamber at a lower elevation than the point 53, so that the major portion of the side pressure on the oven walls is generated at a lower elevation than the point 53.

I will now describe the form of wall construction which I have devised for permitting the proper travel of the gases downwardly, so as to secure the aforementioned impingcment result, and also so as to provide a construction having the necessary strength and rigidity to successfully withstand the loads and strains coming upon it.

Referring particularly to Fig. 3, which is a section taken through the central portion of one of the oven walls, there appears a series of zigzag passages 54, which work their way down from the point 53 to the lower end of the oven where they communicate with a longitudinally extending passage 55 beneath the oven wall in question. The zigzag passages are provided by means of the peculiar form of block which is herein disclosed, and which is illustrated in Figs. 9 to 12 inclusive. Each block may have its side central portions cut away at the points 56 and 57, and its lower central portion cut away at the point 58, the end portions of the blocks being uncut and of full size. When these blocks are set together or built up in the same manner as a brick wall would be constructed, there are of necessity provided the passages 54 between consecutive blocks, said. passages extending horizontally as well as vertically, and the horizontal passages communicating with the vertical passages. If the consecutive tiers of blocks were to be laid up or built up without breaking joints there would appear a series of criss-cross passages in the wall, all of the vertical passages or sections alining with each other, and providing a series of squares in conjunction with the horizontal passages. I, therefore, prefer to lay the consecutive tiers of blocks in such way that they break joints; thus the gases are forced to travel back and forth as they pass downwardly through this section of the wall.

From an examination of Figs. 9 to 12 inclusive it will appear that two styles or forms of block are therein illustrated. The form shown in Figs. 9 and 10 has its end portions 59a and 60a tapered so that they are of less width at their outer ends than adjacent to the cutaway portions 56 and 57. On the other hand the blocks shown in Figs.. 11 and 12 have their end portions 61 and 62 tapered outwardly to match the end 'oortions 59 and 60. In laying up these blocks they are used alternately., {irst the one form and then the other, so that when the structure is completed the wall constitutes a solid rigid reinforced structure having all of its components keyed together. In order to still further enhance this reinforcing effect I provide the grooves 63 on the upper faces of the end portions of the blocks which grooves receive the tongues 6-1 on the lower faces of the blocks above them. It will now appear that when the oven is built up in this way each oven wall is a solid structure, and that each block appearing on the inner surface of the carbonizing chamber extends clear through to the outer surface of the retort wall. Thus each and every block is so disposed and constructed that it is able to transmit its thrust directly through from the carbonizing chamber to the outer surface of the retort wall, which, as previously explained, comes solidly into contact with the intermediate wall 40, when the adjacent ovens are heated up to working temperature. Thus it appears that the thrusts existing within the carbonizing chambers are transmitted in opposite directions in the adjacent carbonizing chambers so that in a battery of ovens these forces neutralize or offset each other. Therefore a structure built up in the way described is able to successfully withstand the large expanding forces exerted from time to time, by direct thrust, and without any tendency of opening up the joints of the oven.

The passages 55, which extend along underneath the oven walls, communicate in turn with another passage 56 beneath the sole of the oven. This passage 56, and the connecting passages 57 are formed by the pecular shaped blocks illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8. Each of these blocks has the longitudinal opening 58, and the transverse opening 59. The opening 59 provides the opening 57 of the completed structure and the opening 58 provides the opening 56 of the completed structure. Periodically disposed throughout the length of the oven are the downwardly extending passages 60 which connect the passage 56 with the tunnel 61 which extends lengthwise beneath the oven. The ends of this tunnel connect by means of the downcomers 62 and 63 with the longitudinally extending tunnels 28 and 29, which, as previously explained, are connected to the draft producing mechanism and carry away the spent gases.

In a battery of ovens some of the ovens will necessarily be more draft producing mechanism than the others. In order to equalize the aft on all of the ovens I prefer to provid f the dampers 64 over the upper ends of the downcomers 62 and 63, which dampers can be manipulated by the handles 65 extending outside of the oven structure.

I have previously explained how the side expansion of the ovens is taken up and neudistant from the ing members 68, the same lying tmlized n ithe oven Vstructures of the bank.

.will now explain how the lengthwise expansion of each oven is taken up and provided for. Adjacent to the end of each oven wall is a pair of upwardly extending Vpansion will be transmitted immediately The upper ends of struts at opposite ends of the furnace may be joined together by rods or the like -66 provided with a turnbuckle 67 so that the upper ends of the struts can be maintained in solid contact with the ends of the walls. Underneath each oven there extend the I-beams or other stress receivbeneath the the struts and supporting the I'beams 68 may be embedded in masonry or the like. heir outer ends carry the upwardly extending piers 69. Connected to the struts are the brackets 70, the outer ends of which rest on the piers 69,

vand which brackets carry the running platform 71 which extends throughout the length of the battery and gives access to the various ovens. The lower end of each strut 37 abuts against a threaded rod or the like 72 working in the threaded block 73 which is rigidly connected to the stress member 68. By reason of this fact it is impossible for the lower ends of the struts to force outwardly along the stress members 68 unless the threaded rods 72 be slacked up or unless the Stress members be stretched. the battery of ovens is heated up the various rods 72 can be adjusted so as to maintain the proper amount of stress on the lower ends of the struts, thereby maintaining each and every oven under the desired amount of endwise compression. This will insure that each oven is maintained in an absolutely gas tight condition.

There will of necessity be a Certain amount of tra\el of the struts with respect to the pier G9 as the expansion takes place, but the brackets 70 are permitted to slide back and forth on the piers the necessary amount to take up :tor this movement.

As the distillate gases pass upwardly out of the coking mass they leave the same at a point A.ubstantially opposite to the lower :ids of the nozzles. The upper portion of the carbonizing chamber, which is designated the dome, is unheated except by radiation from the 'carbonizing mass. the upper portion of the oven I provide a pair of distillate gas passages 71 and 75, which are best shown in Figs. 2. 4, and 6. hese passages are joined together in their end portions by the connections 76 and 77 so that the gases arcr `lrcc to mingle together in said end poi-turns. Extending upwardly from the dome into the passages T-i and are the openings T8. These are alternately spaced on opposite sides ol the oven roof, so

. the passages 74 and 75 thatrthe distillatesare drawn off uniformly along the entire length of the oven. I pre-4 fer to provide a slight setoff 79 at the upper end of each of the openings 78 so that there can be no heating of the passages 74 and 75 bv direct radiation. It thus appears that the distillates are enabled to gain access to almost immediately after they leave the upper surface of the carbonizing mass` without any heating from the upper portions of the oven walls.

Along that side of the bank of ovens opposite to the side which carries the air and gas mains 30 and 31 I provide a pair of hydraulic mains 80 and 81. hese may be suitably supported by the upper ends of the struts. Connecting into the cross passage 77 is the pipe 82 which carries the distillates up through an expansion joint 83 to hydraulicmains.

Intermediate the various openings 78 are the charging openings 84 through whichthe raw material is initiallv charged into the carbonizing chamber. These appear in section in Fig. 6. During the operation of the oven they are covered over by the covers 85.

wing to the lengthwise expansion of the ovens I prefer to construct the brackets 35 which carry the air and gas headers in such manner that any differences in the expan- Sion of the oven compared to the expansion of the headers will be compensated for. Such a form of bracket is shown in Fig. 14 in which it appears that the headers are supported on rollers. Bv forming the headers from a series of sections` compression gaskets may be placed in theI joints between the consecutive sections so that inequalities for in this manner.

In Fig. l, I have shown a suitable form of door for closing the ends of the carbonizing chambers. Each door iscarried by a series ot' compound hinges, each hinge in` cluding the links 8G and 87. lv means of this arrangement the door may be pulled straight out until its beveled seat 88 is disengaged from the end of the carbonizing chamber whereupon it may be swung around out of the way during the discharging operation. In order to carry the weight of the door I have provided the lower end of the same with an adjustable caster 89 having the nut 90 by means of which the caster may be forced down until the weight ot' the door is supported entirely by the caster.

During the operation of the oven I prefer to lay a false bottom 91 on the lower surface of the carbonizing chamber. said false bottom being made up of a series of silica bricks or the like laid in place. Any wear occasioned by the removal of the col-:ed charge will take place on this false bottom which may be replaced from time to time as it wears away.

It will be seen particularly from examination of Fig. 3 that the top row of blocks of that section of the wall in which the impingement occurs, is provi(` d with a series of triangular portions 91a directly beneath the lower or discharge ends of the nozzles. These blocks receive the first impingement of the gas in its downward travel, and the back and forth deilections of the gas commence on these triangular blocks. '1` hey are subject to impingement by the gases when the gases are hottest, namely, immediately after leaving the nozzles. These triangular blocks are therefore subject to burning, and I have therefore constructed and supported them that they can be readily removed and replaced. For this purpose the blocks 52 have been made removable as previously described. lt will therefore be seen that by removing a nozzle, and the corresponding block 52, a pair of tongs or the like can be extended down for the purpose ot' replacing the corresponding triangular block 91.

I have previously mentioned that one of the objects of the invention is to provide an arrangement such that the heating will take place by the use of a lameless combustion as distinguished from one in which the burning of the gases produces a iiame. I have found that the use of nozzles, such as herein disclosed, in which the gases are thoroughly mixed, or brought together, and are caused to tra\fel for some distance unde'r pressure while in their mixed condition will insure the production of this lameless comhustion. ln the operation of a furnace which maires useot this type of combustion no flame whatsoever is visible in the combustion passages, but these passages are simply aglow and appear to be heated by some agency which is not apparent. It is found necessary to regulate the percentages or proportions ot' the gas and air. so to insure substantially complete combustion, and such regulation may be readily elected by the constructions herein disclosed.

lt will be noticed from an examination ot a number of figures that the passages 44 in the lower portion of the wall are of smaller size than those in the upper portion thereof. The size of these passages is graduated 0r determined by the size of the notches or recesses formed in the side and bottom portions oi" the blocks. In the particular' arrangement illustrated, three sizes of graduation are shown, commencing with the larger recesses and piss: res in the upper portion of the Vwall. and .orlring into the smaller ones in the lower portion of the wall. This arrangement, when arlmiiied, is tor the pur pose of increasing t' unt of impingement in the lower portion of the structure as compared to that in the upper portion so that the lower portion of the structure will abstract heat from the gases substantially at the same rate as the upper portion of the structure notwithstanding the fact that the gases are in a more spent or exhausted condition in the lower portion than they are in the upper portion. The result will be a substantially uniform heating of the structure at all points vertically throughout its height.

I claim:

1. 1n a coke oven a wall comprising tiers of blocks extending through the wall from the inner surface of the carbonizing chamber to the outer surface of the wall, each block having its side portions and its bottom portions recessed, and the blocks of consecutive tiers being laid in courses breaking joints with each other, and the end p0rtions ot' adjacent blocks lying solidly in con tact with each other, whereby there is produced a wall comprising integral blocks of material extending through from face to face of the wall and whereby there are provided zig-zag passages extending downwardly through said wall and in communication with each other.

2. In a coke oven a Wall comprising a series of integral blocks laid up in horizontal courses, the blocks of each course breaking joints with the blocks of the adjacent courses, each block having its central side portions and its central bottom portion recessed, and the end portions of adjacent blocks lying solidly in contact with each other, whereby there are provided in the body of the wall zig-zag passages throughout the height and length of the wall, all of said passages being in communication with each other.

3. ln a coke oven a wall comprising a series of integral blocks laid up in horizontal courses, the blocks of each course breaking joints with those of adjacent courses, and each block being recessed on its side portions and on one of its horizontal faces, whereby there are provided in the body of the Vall zig-zag passages extending throughout the height and length o'f the wall and in conr munieation with each other.

4. In a coke oven a wall comprising a series of integral blocks` each block being recessed on its side faces and on at least one of its horizontal faces, and the adjacent blocks haring their end portions laid solidly in Contact with each other, whereby there are provided throughout the height and length of the wall zig zag passages in comniunication with each other.

5. In a coke oven a heating wall comprising integral blocks, the side portions of the blocks being recessed, and at least one ot the horizontal faces of each bloeit heilig recessed, the. sizes of the recesses varying throughout the height of the wall, whereby there are A:rovided in the wall zig zag paf*- amasar sages in communication with each other, the size of said passages varying throughout the height of the wall.

6. In a coke oven a wall comprising courses of integral blocks, the side portions of each block being recessed., and at least one of the horizontal faces of each block being recessed, and the blocks being laid with their end portions solidly in contact with each other, the. recesses in the blocks of the lower courses being smaller than the recesses in the blocks of the upper courses, whereby there are provided throughout the height and length of the wall zig zag passages in communication with each other, said passages being of smaller size in the lower portion of the wall than in its upper portion.

7. In a coke oven a heating wall comprising courses of integral blocks, the blocks of each course being laid breaking joints with the blocks of the adjacent courses, and the side portions of each block being recessed and at least one of the horizontal faces of each block being recessed, the recesses of the. lower tiers of blocks being smaller than the recesses ot' the upper tiers o1"l blocks, whereb)v there are provided throughout the height and length of the wall zig zag passages in communication with each other, said passages being smaller in the lower portion of the structure than in its upper portion.

8. In a coke oven a heating wall comprising blocks, the central portion of at least one horizontal face and at least one vertical face ot' each block being recessed, whereby there are provided throughout the height and length of the wall gas passages in communication with each other.

9. In a 'coke oven a heating wall comprising blocksa the central portions of at least one horizontal and one vertical face of each bloeit being recessed. and the recesses in the lower courses of blocks being smaller than those in the upper courses, whereby there are provided throughout the height and length of the wall gas passages in communicatirn with each other, the passages in the lower portion of the wall being of smaller size than those in the upper portion thereof.

1l). ln a coke oven a heating wall coinprising courses of blocks laid up with their end portions solidly in contact with each other, the blocks of each course breaking joints with the blocks of the courses above and below them, each block having the central portions of at least one side face and one horizontal 'tace recessed, and the recesses ol the blotl1 in the lower courses being smaller in cross section than the recesses of the blocks ol the upper courses. whereby there provided in the body of the wall zig zag gas passages in communication with each other, the passages in the lower portion of the structure being of smaller cross scctional area than those in the upper portion of the structure.

11. In a coke oven a heating wall having in its upper portion a plurality of downwardly extending openings for the reception of nozzles, the lower portion of each of said openings being closed, and the nozzles extending through said closed portion, and the lower portion of the wall comprising blocks, the central portions of at least one side face and at least one horizontal face of each block being recessed to provide gas passages extending throughout the height and breadth of the lower portion of the wall, and the nozzles serving to direct heatlng gases into the upper portions of said passages.

12. In a coke oven a heating wall having a plurality of vertically extending nozzle passages in its upper portion, the lower ends of said nozzle passages being closed, nozzles extending through said closed portions, and the Wall beneath said nozzles being formed of courses of blocks laid up with their end portions solidly in contact with each other, the central portions of at least one side face and at least one horizontal face being rccessed, whereby there are provided horizontally and vertically extending passages in the body of the lower portion of the wall, said passages serving to receive heating gases delivered by the nozzles.

13. In a coke oven a heating wall having in its upper portion a plurality of vertically extending openings for the reception of nozzles, the lower portions of said openings being closed, nozzles extending down through said openings and through the closed portions thereof, and there being vertically disposed separated lues extending downwardly in the wall from the nozzles, the wall beneath said last named openings being formed of courses of blocks laid up with their end portions solidly in contact with each other, the central portions of at least one side tace and at least one horizontal face of each bleek heilig recessed, whereby there are provided horizontally and vertically extending passages 'n the body of the wall, the upper end ot' said passages being in communication with the lower ends of the vertically extending passages for the reception ot' heating gases therefrom.

14. In a coke oven a heating wall having in its upper portion a plurality of vertically extending passages, nozzles for directing heating gases into the same, the wall below said passages being formed from blocks laid up in courses. with their end portions solidly in contact with each other, the blocks ol each course breaking joints with the blocks of the courses immediately above and below them, each block having the central portions of at least one side face and at least one horizontal face recessed, to provide zig-zag passages extending throughout the heightand breadth of the lower portion of the wall, and said zig-zag passages communicating with the vertically extending passages, whereby heating gases from the nozzles descend first through the vertically extending passages, and then through the zig-zag passages to a point of exit.

15. In a coke oven the combination of a. pair of oppositely disposed heating walls, and a connecting roof between the upper portions thereof, each wall having a horizontally extending screen at an elevation below that of the root', and each wall being provided with vertical passages extending downward from its screen, nozzles for delivering heating gases into said vertically extending passages, and each wall being provided with zig-zag passages extending downwardly from and in communication with the vertically extending passages to a point of exit, the zig-zag passages decreasing in size toward the point of exit.

1G. 1n a coke oven a pair of heating walls and a connecting roof between their upper portions, each wall having a horizontally extending screen at an elevation lower than that of the roof, and having a plurality of vertical passages extending downwardly from the screen, there being openings in the screen for the delivery oi' heating gases into said vertically extending passages, and each wall having zig-zag passages extending downwardly from, and in communication with, its vertical passages, to a point of exit, said zigzag passages decreasing in cross sectional area from the vertical passages to the point of exit.

17. A heating wall comprising courses of blocks laid up with their end portions solidly in contact with each other, at least one side face and one horizontal face ot' each block being recessed, whereby there are provided in the body of the wall horizontally and vertically extending gas passages in communication with each other.

18. A heating wall comprising blocks laid up in courses, the end portions oi the blocks lying solidly in contact with each other, the blocks of each course breaking joints with the blocks of the adjacent upper and lower Cugia of this patent may be vattained for courses, and the central portions of at least one side yface and at least one horizontal face of each block being recessed whereby there are rovided horizontally and vertically eX- ten ing gas passages in the body of the wall in communication with each other.

19. A heating wall comprising courses of blocks laid up with their end portions solidly in contact with each either, the central portions of at least one side face and at least one horizontal face of each block being recessed, and the recesses of blocks in the lower courses of the wall being smaller in cross sectional area than the recesses in the upper courses of the wall, whereby there are provided in the body of the wall horizontally and vertically extending gas passages in communication with each other, the passages in the lower portion of the wall being smaller in cross sectional area than those in the upper courses.

20. A heating wall comprising courses of blocks laid up with their end portions solidly in Contact with each other, the end portions of every other block of a course be' ing tapered-together, and the end portions of intermediate blocks of such layer being tapered away from each other, and the end portions f adjacent blocks lying solidly in contact with each other, and the central portions of at least one side face and at least one vertical face of each block being recessed, whereby there are provided in the wall horizontally and vertically extending passages in communication with each other.

9.1. In a coke oven, the combination with a mesh of impingement blocks, and means for directing heating gases into engagement therewith, of removable sections on the mesh of impingement blocks in position to receive the initial force of the heating gases. 22. In. a coke oven, the combination with a mesh of impingement blocks, having a series of openings along one of its surfaces, and means for directing streams of heating gases toward said mesh intermediate the said openings, of triangular blocks on the mesh in position to receive said streams for the purpose of splitting them and directing them into the said openings.

ARTHUR ROBERTS. Witnesses:

THOMAS A. BANNING, lJ r., EPHRAIM BANKING.

ve cents each. by addressing the Commissioner ci Patenti,

Washington, D. C." 

